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§ 1. The necessity of a double preparation for interpreting the Platonic dialogues
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§ 2. Orientation toward Plato’s Sophist, with Aristotle as point of departure
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§ 3. First characteristic of ἀλήθεια
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§ 4. The meaning of ἀληθεύειν in Aristotle for Plato’s research into Being
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§ 5. The first articulation of the five modes of ἀληθεύειν (Nic. Eth. VI, 2)
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§ 6. The determination of the essence of ἐπιστήμη (Nic. Eth. VI, 3)
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§ 7. The analysis of τέχνη (Nic. Eth. VI, 4).
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§ 8. The analysis of φρόνησις (Nic. Eth. VI, 5).
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§ 9. The analysis of σοφία (Nic. Eth. VI, 6-7).
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§ 10. Introductory characterization of the investigation. Its guiding line: the self-expression of Dasein itself. Its course: the five levels of εἰδέναι. Its goal: σοφία as μάλιστα ἀληθεύειν.
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§ 11. The first three levels of εἰδέναι: αἴσθησις, ἐμπειρία, τέχνη (Met. I, 1).
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§ 12. Excursus: καθόλου and καθ’ ἕκάστον. The way of philosophy (especially: Met. V, 26; Top. VI, 4; Phys. I, 1).
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§ 13. Continuation: τέχνη and ἐπιστήμη (Met. I, 1). The tendency residing in τέχνη toward an “autonomous” ἐπιστήμη. The further development of ἐπιστήμη.
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§ 14. Σοφία (Met. I, 2). The four essential moments of σοφία (πάντα, χαλεπώτατα, ἀκριβέστατα, ἀύτής ἕνεκεν). Clarifying reduction of the first three essential moments to the μάλιστα καθόλου.
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§ 15. Excursus: General orientation regarding the essence of mathematics according to Aristotle.
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§ 16. Continuation: σοφία (Met. I, 2, part 1). The fourth essential moment of σοφία: the autonomy of its ἀληθεύειν (ἐαυτῆς ενεκεν. μη πρὸς χρῆσιν).
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§ 17. Summary: The modes of ἀληθεύειν as modifications of self-orienting Dasein.
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§ 18. The divinity of σοφία and the questionableness of σοφία as a possibility of Man (Met. I, 2, part 2). Σοφία as constant dwelling with the ἀεί. Human Dasein as “slave” (δούλη) of ἀναγκαία and ἄλλως ἔχοντα. The priority of σοφία with respect to ἀληθεύειν.
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§ 19. Φρόνησις as the proper possibility of man, and the rejection of φρόνησις as “σοφία” (Nic. Eth. VI, 7, part 2). The gravity of φρόνησις. The ἀκρότατον ἀγαθóν ἀνθρώπινον as object of φρόνησις. The ἄριστον ἕν τῷ κóσμῳ as object of σοφία. Predelineation of ontological superiority as criterion of the priority of σοφία.
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§ 20. More radical conception of φρόνησις (Nic. Eth. VI, 8-9).
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§ 21. Exposition of the further tasks: the relation of φρόνησις and of σοφία to the ἀρχαί. Σοφία: νοῦς και ἐπιστήμη. The task of the clarification of the βουλεύεσθαι of the mode of carrying out φρόνησις.
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§ 22. Εύβουλία as the mode of carrying out φρόνησις (Nic. Eth. VI, 10).
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§ 23. Φρόνησις and νοῦς (Nic. Eth. VI, 12).
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§ 24. The decision on the question of the priority of φρόνησις or σοφία in favor of σοφία (Nic. Eth. VI, 13).
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§ 25. The priority of σοφία with regard to εὐδαιμονία (Nic. Eth. X, 6-7).
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§ 26. Extent and limit of λόγος.
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§ 27. What has been accomplished up to now and the future task. What has been accomplished: the acquisition of the point of departure (= ἀληθεύειν). The task: the delineation of the theme, with ἀληθεύειν in Plato (= διαλέγεσθαι) as the point of departure. First indication of the theme: a revolution in the concept of Being; the Being of non-beings (= ψεῦδoς).
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§ 28. First characterization of dialectic in Plato.
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§ 29. Addendum: The innovation in Plato’s Sophist with regard to the ground of the Greeks’ research into Being.
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§ 30. Aristotle on philosophy, dialectic, sophistry (Met. IV, 1-2).
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§ 31. First characterization of sophistry. Continuation.
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§ 32. Continuation: The idea of first philosophy in Aristotle.
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§ 33. The meaning of the preceding preparation: the acquisition of the ground for an understanding of the issues in a specific Greek dialogue. The insufficiencies of the preparation.
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§ 34. Recapitulation: First characterization of sophistry. Delimitation of sophistry against dialectic and philosophy. The appreciation of the εὖ λέγειν: unconcern with substantive content versus concern with substantive content.
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§ 35. Structure and articulation of the Sophist
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§ 36. First intimation of the theme and method of the dialogue. Introduction of the ξένος from Elea. The fundamental theses of Parmenides. Θεος ελεγκτικός? The divinity of philosophy. Theme of the dialogue: the philosopher. Method: διακρίνειν τὸ γένος. The ground of διακρίνειν: immediate self-showing (φάντασμα) and popular opinion: φιλόσοφοι = πολιτικοί-σοφισταί-μανικοί.
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§ 37. More precision on the theme. Explication of the thematic object of a question in general: the distinction between the matter at issue (τί), the determination of the matter (γένος), and the designation of the matter (ὄνoμα). Λόγος as the unitary field of the threefold distinction. Task: application of this distinction to three objects: σοφιστής – πολιτικός – φιλόσοφος.
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§ 38. More precision on the method.
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§ 39. The question of philosophy in the present age. Increasing difficulty with regard to Plato. The influence of Christianity and the Renaissance. The stifling of the idea of substantive research. “Prophetic” and “scientific” philosophy (K.
Jaspers). The freedom of substantiveness.
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§ 40. Transition to the substantive issue: the choice of the exemplary object. The twofold criterion: 1.) simplicity 2.) analogy and richness of the ontological structures. The ἀσπαλιευτής as exemplary object.
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§ 41. The scope of the exemplary object (ἀσπαλιευτής) and its method of treatment. The Sophist: Not a “purely methodological dialogue.”
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§ 42. Τέχνη as the basic determination of the ἀσπαλιευτής; its two εἴδη (ποιητική, κτητική).
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§ 43. The determination of τέχνη κτητική.
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§ 44. General characterization of the method. Dichotomy and diairesis as modes of δηλοῦν. The echo of the Platonic dichotomy in the ἀτομον εἶδος of Aristotle. Dichotomy and diairesis as Plato’s way of treating beings and Being.
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§ 45. Preliminary remarks. The difficulty of defining the sophist. The indeterminateness of the ζήτημα πρώτον. The meaning of the definitions: the securing of the immediate aspects (φαντάσματα) of the sophist in the usual horizons. Actually not definitions but descriptions. Articulation of the definitions.
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§ 46. The first definition of the sophist: hunter (221c-223b). Ζήτημα πρώτον: τέχνη. The common course of the history of the origination of the sophist and of the ἀσπαλιευτής: τέχνη – κτήσις – χειρωτική – θηρευτική. Distinction with respect to the “what” of the θηρευτική: man. Factual comportment as the standard. Λόγος as the tool of the sophist. Rhetoric as horizon. Αρετή. Δοξοπαιδευτική.
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§ 47. The second, third, and fourth definitions of the sophist: merchant (223b-224e).
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§ 48. The fifth definition of the sophist. Disputer (224e-226a). Orientation toward the horizons of the definition of the ἀσπαλιευτής: κτητική – χειρωτική – ἀγωνιστική. Battle by means of λόγοι. Λόγος as the basic phenomenon of the definitions of the sophist; recapitulation. ἀντιλογική, ἐριστική. The babbler (Theophrastus, Characters, 3).
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§ 49. Transition to the further task: orientation with regard to Plato’s position on λόγος by means of a clarification of his position on rhetoric.
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§ 50. Introductory remarks.
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§ 51. General characterization of the Phaedrus.
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§ 52. Recollection of the sense of the interpretation of the Phaedrus in connection with that of the Sophist. Gaining a fundamental grasp of the meaning of λόγος as the field of scientific philosophy for the Greeks. Transition to the interpretation of the second part of the Phaedrus.
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§ 53. The foundation of rhetoric as a positive possibility of human Dasein (Phaedrus, second part, 259e-274a).
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§ 54. Plato’s skepticism with regard to λόγος (Phaedrus, second part, 274b-279c).
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§ 55. Transition: Dialectic in the Phaedrus and in the Sophist.
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§ 56. The sixth definition of the sophist. Refuter (226a-231c).
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§ 57. Summary of the previous six definitions. The unitary basic structure: the sophist as ἀντιλογικός (231d-232e).
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§ 58. The seventh definition of the sophist. Semblant artist (232b-236c).
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§ 59. Exposition of the ontological problematic.
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§ 60. The relation of philosophy to the tradition.
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§61. Examination of the principle of Parmenides. The unutterability of μὴ ὄν.
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§ 62. Difficulties in the concept of εἴδωλον.
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§ 63. The point of departure for the solution of the task: the discussion of the ancient and contemporary doctrines of ὄν.
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§ 64. General characterization of the first ontological attempts (242c-243c). Sketch of the theses about ὄν. μῦθον διηγεῖσθαι. Predelineation of Plato’s procedure: elevation into the ontological Dimension.
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§ 65. The discussion of the thesis of the multiplicity of ὄν (243d-44b). Uncovering of εἶναι as unfinished task. Critique of today’s “ontological” attempts: the forgetting of the question of the meaning of Being. Toward the elaboration of this question on the ground of a hermeneutic of Dasein.
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§ 66. The discussion of the thesis of the unity of ὄν (244b-245a).
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§ 67. General characterization of the contemporary doctrines of ὄν (246a-250e). First thesis: οὐσία = σῶμα. Second thesis: οὐσία = εἶδος. The proper task of the γιγαντομαχία περι τῆς οὐσίας: the disclosure of the beings corresponding to the guiding sense of Being. Being = presence. How the beings are encountered: 1.) σῶμα: αἴσθησις, 2.) εἶδος: νοεῖν, λόγος.
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§ 68. The discussion of the thesis οὐσία = σῶμα (246e-248a).
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§ 69. The discussion of the thesis: οὐσία = εἶδος (248a-249b).
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§ 70. The summary of the theses about ὄν with regard to the phenomenon of knowledge. The Being of κίνησις and στάσις as condition of the Being of knowledge.
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§ 71. The discussion of the thesis: κίνησις and στάσις = ὄν.
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§ 72. The question of the unity of the many (κοινωνία) in λόγος (251a-251c).
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§ 73. Excursus: The “logic” of the Megarians and Antisthenes (according to Aristotle).
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§ 74. The discussion of the fundamental possibilities of κοινωνία within beings (251d-252e).
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§ 75. Further clarification of the conditioned κοινωνία of beings (253a-253b).
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§ 76. The idea of dialectic (253b-254b).
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§ 77. The fundamental consideration of dialectic (254b-257a). The dialectic of the μέγιστα γένη.
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§ 78. The conceptual elucidation of the structure of the ἐτερον. The determination of the concept of μὴ ὄν (257b-259d).
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§ 79. Transition from the fundamental dialectical consideration to the analysis of λόγος (259e-261c). The question of the meaning of the fundamental dialectical consideration.
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§ 80. The analysis of λόγος (261c-263d).
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§81. The analysis of δόξα and φαντασία (263d-264d). The clarification of the τέχνη σοφιστική as τέχνη δοξαστική and τέχνη φανταστική through the proof of the possible conjunction of δόξα and φαντασία with ψεῦδoς. Διάνοια, δόξα, and φαντασία as modes of λέγειν; their possible conjunction with the ἐτερον (i.e., μὴ ὄν or ψεῦδoς)